ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of caspase-3 and iNOS in different intervals and to provide evidence for estimation of injury intervals after brain contusion in human.@*METHODS@#Thirty cases died of serious brain injury were included into the injury groups and 5 cases died of non-brain injury were served as control group. To analyze the changes of caspase-3 and iNOS expression in brain samples at different intervals (2h, 4-8h, 10-14h, 1-2d, 3-5d, 8-11d) by immunohistochemistry and auto-image analysis system.@*RESULTS@#The level of caspase-3 expression started to increase in 2 hours after brain contusion compared to the control group (P<0.05). The level of caspase-3 expression continued to increase in 1-2 days and maintained high level in 3-5 days compared to the control group (P<0.05), then decreased gradually. There was no statistically significant difference between the expression level of iNOS in 2 hours with the control group (P>0.05). But the expression level of iNOS began to increase in 4-8 hours after brain contusion and reached its maximum in 1-2 days, then decreased. Weak expression of iNOS still could be detected in 8-11 days.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of caspase-3 and iNOS can be used as effective evidence for human brain contusion interval.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Astrocytes/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Brain Injuries/pathology , Caspase 3/metabolism , Forensic Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Staining and Labeling , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphism and applied value in forensic medicine of five short tandem repeats (STRs) loci(DXS7130, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS6804 and DXS8378) on X-chromosome in Achang ethnic group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Allele frequency and genotype distribution of five X-STR loci among 100 unrelated individuals from Achang ethnic group were analyzed by PCR following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of females was tested and forensic parameters were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the five STR loci were polymorphic in Achang ethnic group. Chi-square test indicated that genotype distribution of females was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results enrich Chinese genetic database and can be applied to individual identification, paternity testing and population genetics.</p>